Compare Stocks › MA vs WDC
Mastercard Incorporated (MA) vs Western Digital Corporation (WDC)
MA
Mastercard Incorporated
$495.46
VS
WDC
Western Digital Corporation
$431.52
Rewards
MA
- ★Mastercard Incorporated has maintained ROIC above 15% for 4 consecutive years, indicating a durable competitive advantage.
- ★Gross margin of 100.0% indicates strong pricing power — typical of businesses with significant intellectual property or brand strength.
- ★Mastercard Incorporated scores 99/100 on the Economic Moat Score (Wide Moat), with roic consistency as the strongest competitive dimension.
WDC
- ★Free cash flow has grown at a 19.1% CAGR over the past 4 years, demonstrating strong earnings power growth.
- ★PEG ratio of 0.05 suggests the stock is undervalued relative to its growth rate — paying less than 1x for each unit of earnings growth.
- ★Altman Z-Score of 5.53 indicates very low bankruptcy risk — the company is firmly in the safe zone.
Risks
MA
- ⚠High leverage (2.82x debt/equity) combined with thin interest coverage (-1.0x) poses financial risk.
- ⚠Insiders have sold $4.5M worth of stock in the past 3 months — significant insider liquidation.
WDC
- ⚠Despite buyback spending, shares outstanding increased in 2 out of 2 years — stock-based compensation is offsetting repurchases.
- ⚠FCF yield of 1.4% is below 3%, meaning the market is pricing in substantial future growth to justify the current price.
- ⚠9 insider sales totaling $14.0M with no purchases in the past 3 months — insiders are reducing their exposure.
Key Valuation Metrics
Learn more →MA
WDC
Valuation
$16.15B
Free Cash Flow
$2.00B
3.69%
FCF Yield
1.36%
28.66
Trailing P/E
25.84
21.78
Forward P/E
24.79
Quality & Moat
63.51%
ROIC
30.58%
222.67%
ROE
19.05%
100.00%
Gross Margin
45.27%
1.35
PEG Ratio
0.05
Balance Sheet Safety
2.82
Debt / Equity
0.16
N/A
Interest Coverage
N/A
0.50
Net Debt / EBITDA
-0.42
0.70%
Dividend Yield
0.14%
MA: 7Ties: 1WDC: 4
MAWDC
Historical Fundamentals
Learn more →MA
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
WDC
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
$1 Retained Earnings Test
Learn more →MA
$5.61
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$31.68B
Δ Market Cap
+$177.79B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
WDC
N/A
Net losses over 3 years — test not applicable
Company had negative cumulative retained earnings
Σ Retained
$-665.0M
Δ Market Cap
+$52.27B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis
Learn more →MA
13.1% Margin of Safety
Price is 13.1% below estimated fair value
Current Price: $495.46
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $570.42
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
WDC
7.7% Overvalued
Price is 7.7% above estimated fair value
Current Price: $431.52
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $400.58
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Reverse DCF — Market-Implied Growth
Learn more →MA
What growth rate is the market pricing in at $495?
+13.2%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +12.2%
The market implies +13.2% Owner Earnings growth, roughly in line with history — reasonably priced.
Standard FCF implies +12.2%, reflecting ongoing growth investment.
WDC
What growth rate is the market pricing in at $432?
+26.4%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +25.4%
The market implies +26.4% Owner Earnings growth, above historical trends.
Standard FCF implies a demanding +25.4%, reflecting heavy growth investment.
Economic Moat Score
Learn more →MA
99/100
Wide Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
Wide moat with strength across all dimensions. ROIC Consistency is the standout factor.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 4 years of fundamental data.
WDC
30/100
No Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
No durable moat detected, though reinvestment efficiency shows some competitive positioning. The business lacks consistent evidence of sustainable advantages.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 5 years of fundamental data.
Forensic Accounting
Learn more →MA
-2.53
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
WDC
-2.33
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Ownership Breakdown
Learn more →MA
Insiders 0.6%Institutions 91.3%Retail & Other 8.1%
No. of Institutional Holders4,775
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
WDC
Insiders 0.6%Institutions 103.6%
No. of Institutional Holders1,771
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
Insider Buying Activity
Learn more →MA
0
Buys (3M)
0
Buys (12M)
No open market insider purchases found.
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
WDC
0
Buys (3M)
0
Buys (12M)
No open market insider purchases found.
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises.
Insider Selling Activity
Learn more →MA
1
Sells (3M)
18
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $55.77M
LING HAI
Officer
$4.48M
@ $499.20 · 2026-02-24
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$10.20M
@ $591.00 · 2025-09-02
LING HAI
Officer
$2.69M
@ $600.00 · 2025-08-22
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$10.46M
@ $586.89 · 2025-08-19
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$3.83M
@ $566.46 · 2025-08-05
GENACHOWSKI JULIUS
Director
$178,049
@ $570.67 · 2025-07-07
KIRKPATRICK LINDA PISTECCHIA
Officer
$536,480
@ $560.00 · 2025-06-30
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$601,447
@ $546.77 · 2025-06-27
KIRKPATRICK LINDA PISTECCHIA
Officer
$536,480
@ $560.00 · 2025-06-24
GENACHOWSKI JULIUS
Director
$173,910
@ $561.00 · 2025-06-24
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$5.02M
@ $532.97 · 2025-06-20
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$508,474
@ $535.80 · 2025-06-20
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$1.76M
@ $561.78 · 2025-06-16
KIRKPATRICK LINDA PISTECCHIA
Officer
$549,373
@ $572.86 · 2025-06-13
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$5.55M
@ $588.18 · 2025-06-12
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$8.22M
@ $585.05 · 2025-06-05
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$218,223
@ $577.31 · 2025-05-15
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$257,535
@ $572.30 · 2025-05-12
MIEBACH MICHAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$8.68M
@ $550.16 · 2025-03-26
MCLAUGHLIN EDWARD GRUNDE
Officer
$3.81M
@ $534.68 · 2025-03-19
MIEBACH MICHAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$9.78M
@ $553.76 · 2025-03-05
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$6.12M
@ $556.14 · 2025-03-05
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$6.19M
@ $562.72 · 2025-02-26
MIEBACH MICHAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$10.17M
@ $564.95 · 2025-02-18
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$7.97M
@ $565.00 · 2025-02-18
MCLAUGHLIN EDWARD GRUNDE
Officer
$6.18M
@ $564.99 · 2025-02-18
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$2.36M
@ $500.44 · 2024-11-01
MADABHUSHI VENKATA RAJAMANNAR
Officer
$2.30M
@ $491.03 · 2024-09-27
MADABHUSHI VENKATA RAJAMANNAR
Officer
$2.29M
@ $489.86 · 2024-09-20
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$550,000
@ $500.00 · 2024-09-17
MADABHUSHI VENKATA RAJAMANNAR
Officer
$2.31M
@ $493.10 · 2024-09-13
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$528,000
@ $480.00 · 2024-08-29
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$42.19M
@ $468.80 · 2024-08-22
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$42.03M
@ $467.02 · 2024-08-21
LING HAI
Officer
$1.36M
@ $470.00 · 2024-08-16
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$3.16M
@ $470.00 · 2024-08-16
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$6.11M
@ $455.00 · 2024-08-05
LING HAI
Officer
$1.35M
@ $465.46 · 2024-08-01
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$512,006
@ $465.46 · 2024-08-01
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$4.07M
@ $451.06 · 2024-06-20
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$47.72M
@ $445.98 · 2024-06-17
MURPHY TIMOTHY H
Officer
$2.34M
@ $446.24 · 2024-06-17
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$49.51M
@ $442.03 · 2024-06-13
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$3.11M
@ $449.66 · 2024-06-12
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$50.61M
@ $447.85 · 2024-06-10
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$4.04M
@ $447.28 · 2024-06-05
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$3.71M
@ $443.93 · 2024-06-05
MURPHY TIMOTHY H
Officer
$2.31M
@ $441.57 · 2024-06-03
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
WDC
9
Sells (3M)
29
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $34.43M
TREGILLIS CYNTHIA LOCK
Officer
$136,884
@ $377.09 · 2026-04-21
GUBBI VIDYADHARA K
Officer
$2.17M
@ $255.32 · 2026-03-06
GUBBI VIDYADHARA K
Officer
$2.74M
@ $270.31 · 2026-03-04
TREGILLIS CYNTHIA LOCK
Officer
$2.50M
@ $268.27 · 2026-03-04
COLE MARTIN I
Director
$1.63M
@ $271.67 · 2026-03-02
TREGILLIS CYNTHIA LOCK
Officer
$61,228
@ $286.11 · 2026-02-26
TREGILLIS CYNTHIA LOCK
Officer
$123,662
@ $282.33 · 2026-02-24
DAVIS BRIAN SCOTT
Officer
$2.79M
@ $279.16 · 2026-02-17
TREGILLIS CYNTHIA LOCK
Officer
$1.83M
@ $270.49 · 2026-02-06
TAN IRVING
Chief Executive Officer
$5.11M
@ $255.44 · 2026-02-02
TREGILLIS CYNTHIA LOCK
Officer
$102,363
@ $229.00 · 2026-01-21
GUBBI VIDYADHARA K
Officer
$3.72M
@ $163.16 · 2025-12-05
ALEXY KIMBERLY E.
Director
$320,165
@ $160.08 · 2025-12-04
TREGILLIS CYNTHIA LOCK
Officer
$449,752
@ $160.57 · 2025-12-02
COLE MARTIN I
Director
$975,696
@ $162.62 · 2025-12-01
ALEXY KIMBERLY E.
Director
$272,272
@ $154.00 · 2025-11-25
OULMAN ROXANNE M
Director
$277,956
@ $154.42 · 2025-11-25
COLE MARTIN I
Director
$1.61M
@ $161.32 · 2025-11-05
TAN IRVING
Chief Executive Officer
$3.01M
@ $150.69 · 2025-11-03
GUBBI VIDYADHARA K
Officer
$1.02M
@ $90.29 · 2025-09-04
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$28,558
@ $80.90 · 2025-08-28
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$64,387
@ $79.10 · 2025-08-26
TREGILLIS CYNTHIA LOCK
Officer
$1.05M
@ $74.78 · 2025-08-22
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$375,847
@ $75.35 · 2025-08-22
TAN IRVING
Chief Executive Officer
$654,334
@ $75.90 · 2025-08-19
GUBBI VIDYADHARA K
Officer
$722,359
@ $75.69 · 2025-08-13
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$14,212
@ $58.01 · 2025-06-17
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$94,888
@ $54.88 · 2025-06-05
TAN IRVING
Chief Executive Officer
$548,354
@ $48.19 · 2025-05-13
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$19,777
@ $43.37 · 2025-03-12
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$68,616
@ $41.36 · 2025-03-07
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$22,733
@ $72.63 · 2024-11-29
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$46,053
@ $69.99 · 2024-11-26
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$24,241
@ $64.47 · 2024-11-21
SODERBERY ROBERT
Officer
$2.09M
@ $68.01 · 2024-10-29
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$139,390
@ $69.94 · 2024-10-28
GOECKELER DAVID V
Chief Executive Officer
$5.44M
@ $72.58 · 2024-10-25
GOECKELER DAVID V
Chief Executive Officer
$5.27M
@ $70.32 · 2024-09-26
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$134,391
@ $61.96 · 2024-09-04
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$19,946
@ $63.32 · 2024-08-29
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$178,287
@ $61.48 · 2024-08-27
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$27,059
@ $64.89 · 2024-08-21
SODERBERY ROBERT
Officer
$693,860
@ $57.09 · 2024-08-05
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$17,082
@ $78.00 · 2024-06-17
SODERBERY ROBERT
Officer
$1.97M
@ $73.48 · 2024-06-04
ZAMISKA GENE M
Officer
$29,902
@ $71.88 · 2024-05-21
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives.
🎭 Mr. Market's Mood
Learn more →MA
😐Neutral(45/100)
"Market is pricing this stock without strong emotion in either direction"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
WDC
😏Greed(64/100)
"Market is optimistic — be cautious and ensure you have a margin of safety"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
Composite sentiment score based on market signals. Inspired by Buffett’s "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
⚖️ Buffett Signal
Learn more →MA
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Neutral (45)
WDC
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Greed (64)