CVS Health Corporation (CVS) vs Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The) (GS): Which Is the Better Buy in 2026?
As of 2026-08-03, CVS is overvalued at $104, with a DCF intrinsic value of $29 and a margin of safety of -263%. GS is undervalued at $1018, with an intrinsic value of $481431875452 and a margin of safety of 100%. Of the two, GS has the wider margin of safety.
Rewards
- ★Management has timed buybacks well — 2 out of 3 years showed value-accretive repurchases.
- ★PEG ratio of 0.29 suggests the stock is undervalued relative to its growth rate — paying less than 1x for each unit of earnings growth.
- ★Gross margin of 82.1% indicates strong pricing power — typical of businesses with significant intellectual property or brand strength.
- ★Each dollar of retained earnings has created $2.58 of earning power — management is an exceptional capital allocator.
Risks
- ⚠Gross margin of 13.4% is low, suggesting a competitive or commodity-like market with limited pricing power.
- ⚠FCF yield of 5.9% suggests reasonable valuation assuming continued moderate growth.
- ⚠Trailing P/E of 45.8x is 67% above the historical average of 27.4x — the stock trades at a premium to its own history.
- ⚠Altman Z-Score of 0.16 places the company in the distress zone — financial patterns resemble those of companies that experienced bankruptcy.
- ⚠Insiders have sold $20.4M worth of stock in the past 3 months — significant insider liquidation.
Key Valuation Metrics
Learn more →Historical Fundamentals
Learn more →Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation. The dashed forward point is the forward P/E — today's price ÷ analyst consensus EPS.
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation. The dashed forward point is the forward P/E — today's price ÷ analyst consensus EPS.
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation. The dashed forward point is the forward P/E — today's price ÷ analyst consensus EPS.
$1 Retained Earnings Test
Learn more →> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis
Learn more →Reverse DCF — Market-Implied Growth
Learn more →What growth rate is the market pricing in at $104?
The market implies +21.9% Owner Earnings growth, above historical trends.
Standard FCF implies a demanding +11.1%, reflecting heavy growth investment.
Requires positive FCF to compute implied growth rate.
Economic Moat Score
Learn more →Narrow moat with revenue predictability as the key competitive advantage. Improving roic consistency would strengthen the moat.
Narrow moat with reinvestment efficiency as the key competitive advantage. Improving margin stability would strengthen the moat.
Forensic Accounting
Learn more →M-Score Trend
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Ownership Breakdown
Learn more →High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
Insider Buying Activity
Learn more →Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises.
Insider Selling Activity
Learn more →Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives.
🎭 Mr. Market's Mood
Learn more →"Market is optimistic — be cautious and ensure you have a margin of safety"
"Market is pricing this stock without strong emotion in either direction"
Composite sentiment score based on market signals. Inspired by Buffett’s "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
⚖️ Buffett Signal
Learn more →The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
Frequently Asked Questions: CVS vs GS
Is CVS Health Corporation or Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The) more undervalued in 2026?▼
Based on our discounted cash flow model, GS trades at a 100.0% margin of safety (intrinsic value $481431875452 vs. price $1018), compared to CVS's -262.9% margin of safety (intrinsic $29 vs. $104).
Which stock has a wider economic moat, CVS Health Corporation or Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)?▼
GS scores 65/100 (Narrow moat), while CVS scores 49/100 (Narrow moat). The moat score measures competitive advantage durability across ROIC consistency, margin stability, revenue predictability, and reinvestment efficiency.
Is Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The) in financial distress?▼
GS's Altman Z-Score of 0.2 places it in the Distress zone, signaling elevated bankruptcy risk. CVS scores 2.3 (Grey zone). The Altman Z-Score is a five-factor model that predicts insolvency within two years; scores below 1.81 indicate significant distress.
Which stock has higher return on invested capital, CVS Health Corporation or Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)?▼
CVS earns 8.5% ROIC versus GS's 2.5%. A higher ROIC means the company generates more profit per dollar of capital employed, a hallmark of durable competitive advantage in Buffett-style analysis.
Which dividend is safer, CVS Health Corporation's or Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)'s?▼
GS's dividend earns a safety score of 79/100 (Safe), compared to CVS's 45/100 (Borderline). GS has raised its dividend for 3 consecutive years.