Compare Stocks › CMI vs GS
Cummins Inc. (CMI) vs The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (GS)
CMI
Cummins Inc.
$657.44
VS
GS
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
$923.71
Rewards
CMI
- ★Free cash flow has grown at a 31.6% CAGR over the past 4 years, demonstrating strong earnings power growth.
- ★Each dollar of retained earnings has created $1.68 of earning power — management is creating shareholder value.
- ★PEG ratio of 0.77 suggests the stock is undervalued relative to its growth rate — paying less than 1x for each unit of earnings growth.
GS
- ★Gross margin of 82.3% indicates strong pricing power — typical of businesses with significant intellectual property or brand strength.
- ★Share count has been reduced by 11% over the past 4 years through buybacks, increasing each share's claim on earnings.
- ★Each dollar of retained earnings has created $2.53 of earning power — management is an exceptional capital allocator.
Risks
CMI
- ⚠FCF yield of 2.6% is below 3%, meaning the market is pricing in substantial future growth to justify the current price.
- ⚠Trailing P/E of 32.1x is 29% above the historical average of 24.8x — the stock trades at a premium to its own history.
- ⚠6 insider sales totaling $19.8M with no purchases in the past 3 months — insiders are reducing their exposure.
GS
- ⚠High leverage (6.79x debt/equity) combined with thin interest coverage (-1.0x) poses financial risk.
- ⚠Altman Z-Score of 0.25 places the company in the distress zone — financial patterns resemble those of companies that experienced bankruptcy.
- ⚠Insiders have sold $13.0M worth of stock in the past 3 months — significant insider liquidation.
Key Valuation Metrics
Learn more →CMI
GS
Valuation
$2.39B
Free Cash Flow
N/A
2.62%
FCF Yield
N/A
32.05
Trailing P/E
16.86
20.83
Forward P/E
14.13
Quality & Moat
13.49%
ROIC
1.95%
21.20%
ROE
13.17%
25.76%
Gross Margin
82.27%
0.77
PEG Ratio
0.70
Balance Sheet Safety
0.61
Debt / Equity
6.79
N/A
Interest Coverage
N/A
0.87
Net Debt / EBITDA
N/A
1.19%
Dividend Yield
1.95%
CMI: 3Ties: 1GS: 5
CMIGS
Historical Fundamentals
Learn more →CMI
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
GS
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
$1 Retained Earnings Test
Learn more →CMI
$7.92
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$4.58B
Δ Market Cap
+$36.28B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
GS
$5.60
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$26.00B
Δ Market Cap
+$145.60B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis
Learn more →CMI
21.4% Margin of Safety
Price is 21.4% below estimated fair value
Current Price: $657.44
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $836.21
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
GS
62.8% Margin of Safety
Price is 62.8% below estimated fair value
Current Price: $923.71
Strongly undervalued
Fairly valued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $2479.85
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Reverse DCF — Market-Implied Growth
Learn more →CMI
What growth rate is the market pricing in at $657?
+14.7%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +17.1%
The market implies +14.7% Owner Earnings growth, above historical trends.
Standard FCF implies a demanding +17.1%, reflecting heavy growth investment.
GS
Requires positive FCF to compute implied growth rate.
Economic Moat Score
Learn more →CMI
55/100
Narrow Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
Narrow moat with reinvestment efficiency as the key competitive advantage. Improving revenue predictability would strengthen the moat.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 5 years of fundamental data.
GS
65/100
Narrow Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
Narrow moat with reinvestment efficiency as the key competitive advantage. Improving margin stability would strengthen the moat.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 4 years of fundamental data.
Forensic Accounting
Learn more →CMI
-2.51
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
GS
-2.00
Possible Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Ownership Breakdown
Learn more →CMI
Insiders 0.3%Institutions 87.9%Retail & Other 11.8%
No. of Institutional Holders2,422
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
GS
Insiders 0.5%Institutions 75.9%Retail & Other 23.6%
No. of Institutional Holders3,722
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
Insider Buying Activity
Learn more →CMI
0
Buys (3M)
1
Buys (12M)
Total value (12M): $332,080
STONE JOHN H
Director
$332,080
@ $332.08 · 2025-05-16
WILTROUT JEFFREY T
Officer
$80,401
@ $285.11 · 2024-05-24
BOAKYE MARVIN
Officer
$499,133
@ $286.04 · 2024-05-20
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
GS
0
Buys (3M)
0
Buys (12M)
HESS JOHN B JR.
Director
$2.00M
@ $511.68 · 2025-04-15
JOHNSON KEVIN RONALD
Director
$1.49M
@ $619.02 · 2025-01-17
FLAHERTY MARK A
Director
$29,545
@ $360.30 · 2024-09-27
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises.
Insider Selling Activity
Learn more →CMI
6
Sells (3M)
17
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $46.04M
DAVIS AMY ROCHELLE
Officer
$2.28M
@ $561.34 · 2026-03-03
JACKSON DONALD G
Officer
$2.32M
@ $465.64 · 2026-02-24
DAVIS AMY ROCHELLE
Officer
$1.09M
@ $586.64 · 2026-02-23
NEWSOME EARL JR.
Chief Technology Officer
$758,776
@ $583.67 · 2026-02-23
MILLER WILLIAM I
Director
$10.81M
@ $597.10 · 2026-02-11
BUSH JENNIFER MARY
Officer
$2.50M
@ $584.93 · 2026-02-10
MERRITT BRETT MICHAEL
Officer
$709,514
@ $489.32 · 2025-11-25
RUMSEY JENNIFER W.
Chief Executive Officer
$2.17M
@ $473.89 · 2025-11-11
SMITH MARK ANDREW
Chief Financial Officer
$6.17M
@ $470.66 · 2025-11-06
SMITH MARK ANDREW
Chief Financial Officer
$89,819
@ $449.10 · 2025-10-30
SMITH MARK ANDREW
Chief Financial Officer
$3.51M
@ $439.30 · 2025-10-06
SMITH MARK ANDREW
Chief Financial Officer
$3.77M
@ $415.73 · 2025-09-17
ENRIGHT ROBERT J
Officer
$748,210
@ $402.26 · 2025-08-22
DAVIS AMY ROCHELLE
Officer
$2.02M
@ $402.88 · 2025-08-14
SMITH MARK ANDREW
Chief Financial Officer
$5.00M
@ $400.20 · 2025-08-13
BUSH JENNIFER MARY
Officer
$201,826
@ $388.13 · 2025-08-08
PETERS LUTHER EARL
Officer
$1.89M
@ $389.19 · 2025-08-08
SMITH MARK ANDREW
Chief Financial Officer
$4.28M
@ $374.57 · 2025-02-10
BARNER SHARON R.
Officer
$798,403
@ $369.12 · 2024-11-21
BARNER SHARON R.
Officer
$784,071
@ $362.49 · 2024-11-13
JACKSON DONALD G
Officer
$1.78M
@ $356.21 · 2024-11-12
DI LEO ALLEN BRUNO VITO
Director
$1.77M
@ $358.56 · 2024-11-12
BARNER SHARON R.
Officer
$775,052
@ $358.32 · 2024-11-11
SATTERTHWAITE LIVINGSTON LORD
Officer
$7.47M
@ $308.24 · 2024-08-23
BARNER SHARON R.
Officer
$1.98M
@ $304.77 · 2024-08-21
BARNER SHARON R.
Officer
$1.44M
@ $300.35 · 2024-08-15
BARNER SHARON R.
Officer
$708,110
@ $296.28 · 2024-05-10
BARNER SHARON R.
Officer
$1.11M
@ $286.86 · 2024-05-07
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
GS
3
Sells (3M)
13
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $62.06M
GOLTEN ALEXANDER SIMON
Officer
$1.04M
@ $936.18 · 2026-04-23
GOLTEN ALEXANDER SIMON
Officer
$1.02M
@ $919.19 · 2026-04-17
COLEMAN DENIS P.
Chief Financial Officer
$10.94M
@ $941.57 · 2026-02-09
SOLOMON DAVID M
Chief Executive Officer
$255,387
@ $938.92 · 2026-01-29
HALIO CAREY
Officer
$2.64M
@ $927.17 · 2026-01-27
FREDMAN SHEARA J.
Officer
$4.49M
@ $923.75 · 2026-01-23
RUEMMLER KATHRYN H
General Counsel
$8.89M
@ $927.51 · 2026-01-23
HALIO CAREY
Officer
$1.62M
@ $920.62 · 2026-01-23
WALDRON JOHN E.
President
$13.69M
@ $750.30 · 2025-08-28
COLEMAN DENIS P.
Chief Financial Officer
$5.41M
@ $724.40 · 2025-07-25
SOLOMON DAVID M
Chief Executive Officer
$4.71M
@ $712.31 · 2025-07-23
ROGERS JOHN F W
Officer
$4.31M
@ $717.39 · 2025-07-23
SOLOMON DAVID M
Chief Executive Officer
$3.04M
@ $607.17 · 2025-05-14
SOLOMON DAVID M
Chief Executive Officer
$1.50M
@ $622.15 · 2025-02-26
GOLTEN ALEXANDER SIMON
Officer
$3.31M
@ $636.25 · 2025-01-28
HALIO CAREY
Officer and Treasurer
$2.32M
@ $636.74 · 2025-01-24
FREDMAN SHEARA J.
Officer
$1.28M
@ $627.01 · 2025-01-21
RUEMMLER KATHRYN H
General Counsel
$4.76M
@ $634.69 · 2025-01-21
HALIO CAREY
Officer
$965,120
@ $624.67 · 2025-01-21
SOLOMON DAVID M
Chief Executive Officer
$4.00M
@ $610.91 · 2024-11-29
VINIAR DAVID A
Director
$3.06M
@ $612.08 · 2024-11-29
FREDMAN SHEARA J.
Officer
$1.77M
@ $594.51 · 2024-11-06
COLEMAN DENIS P.
Chief Financial Officer
$7.67M
@ $593.03 · 2024-11-06
ROGERS JOHN F W
Officer
$3.83M
@ $596.36 · 2024-11-06
SOLOMON DAVID M
Chief Executive Officer
$3.00M
@ $500.29 · 2024-08-15
VINIAR DAVID A
Director
$2.51M
@ $502.43 · 2024-07-16
SOLOMON DAVID M
Chief Executive Officer
$3.02M
@ $457.32 · 2024-05-10
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives.
🎭 Mr. Market's Mood
Learn more →CMI
😏Greed(67/100)
"Market is optimistic — be cautious and ensure you have a margin of safety"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
GS
😏Greed(66/100)
"Market is optimistic — be cautious and ensure you have a margin of safety"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
Composite sentiment score based on market signals. Inspired by Buffett’s "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
⚖️ Buffett Signal
Learn more →CMI
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Greed (67)
GS
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Greed (66)