Compare Stocks › CAT vs KO
Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) vs The Coca-Cola Company (KO)
CAT
Caterpillar Inc.
$889.67
VS
KO
The Coca-Cola Company
$78.58
Rewards
CAT
- ★Caterpillar Inc. has maintained ROIC above 10% for 4 consecutive years, suggesting solid business economics.
- ★Caterpillar Inc. scores 75/100 on the Economic Moat Score (Wide Moat), with roic consistency as the strongest competitive dimension.
- ★Free cash flow has grown at a 13.0% CAGR over the past 4 years, demonstrating strong earnings power growth.
KO
- ★The Coca-Cola Company has maintained ROIC above 15% for 4 consecutive years, indicating a durable competitive advantage.
- ★Gross margin of 61.7% indicates strong pricing power — typical of businesses with significant intellectual property or brand strength.
- ★The Coca-Cola Company scores 94/100 on the Economic Moat Score (Wide Moat), with margin stability as the strongest competitive dimension.
Risks
CAT
- ⚠FCF yield of 1.8% is below 3%, meaning the market is pricing in substantial future growth to justify the current price.
- ⚠Trailing P/E of 44.2x is 121% above the historical average of 20.0x — the stock trades at a premium to its own history.
- ⚠High leverage (2.31x debt/equity) combined with thin interest coverage (-1.0x) poses financial risk.
KO
- ⚠FCF yield of 1.6% is below 3%, meaning the market is pricing in substantial future growth to justify the current price.
- ⚠9 insider sales totaling $45.9M with no purchases in the past 3 months — insiders are reducing their exposure.
- ⚠Free cash flow has declined at a 17.8% CAGR over the past 4 years — a concerning trend.
Key Valuation Metrics
Learn more →CAT
KO
Valuation
$7.45B
Free Cash Flow
$5.30B
1.80%
FCF Yield
1.57%
44.24
Trailing P/E
24.71
30.59
Forward P/E
22.59
Quality & Moat
16.12%
ROIC
16.98%
47.61%
ROE
36.68%
28.60%
Gross Margin
61.74%
1.46
PEG Ratio
1.36
Balance Sheet Safety
2.31
Debt / Equity
1.25
N/A
Interest Coverage
N/A
2.74
Net Debt / EBITDA
1.84
0.68%
Dividend Yield
2.70%
CAT: 3Ties: 1KO: 8
CATKO
Historical Fundamentals
Learn more →CAT
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
KO
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
$1 Retained Earnings Test
Learn more →CAT
$6.48
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$22.05B
Δ Market Cap
+$142.85B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
KO
$2.72
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$9.36B
Δ Market Cap
+$25.42B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis
Learn more →CAT
19.7% Overvalued
Price is 19.7% above estimated fair value
Current Price: $889.67
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $743.52
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
KO
44.9% Overvalued
Price is 44.9% above estimated fair value
Current Price: $78.58
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $54.21
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Reverse DCF — Market-Implied Growth
Learn more →CAT
What growth rate is the market pricing in at $890?
+20.5%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +22.9%
The market implies +20.5% Owner Earnings growth, above historical trends.
Standard FCF implies a demanding +22.9%, reflecting heavy growth investment.
KO
What growth rate is the market pricing in at $79?
+12.4%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +24.8%
The market implies +12.4% Owner Earnings growth, roughly in line with history — reasonably priced.
Standard FCF implies +24.8%, reflecting ongoing growth investment.
Economic Moat Score
Learn more →CAT
75/100
Wide Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
Wide moat with strength across all dimensions. ROIC Consistency is the standout factor.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 4 years of fundamental data.
KO
94/100
Wide Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
Wide moat with strength across all dimensions. Margin Stability is the standout factor.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 4 years of fundamental data.
Forensic Accounting
Learn more →CAT
-2.43
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
KO
-2.38
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Ownership Breakdown
Learn more →CAT
Insiders 0.2%Institutions 73.7%Retail & Other 26.1%
No. of Institutional Holders4,395
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
KO
Insiders 9.9%Institutions 66.8%Retail & Other 23.3%
No. of Institutional Holders4,434
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
Insider Buying Activity
Learn more →CAT
0
Buys (3M)
2
Buys (12M)
Total value (12M): $290,920
MACLENNAN DAVID W
Director
$170,658
@ $568.86 · 2025-11-06
MACLENNAN DAVID W
Director
$120,262
@ $320.70 · 2025-05-07
JOHNSON GERALD
Director
$31,848
@ $318.48 · 2025-05-02
JOHNSON GERALD
Director
$36,557
@ $365.57 · 2025-02-04
JOHNSON GERALD
Director
$39,857
@ $398.57 · 2024-12-04
JOHNSON GERALD
Director
$33,859
@ $338.59 · 2024-09-04
JOHNSON GERALD
Director
$35,640
@ $356.40 · 2024-05-20
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
KO
0
Buys (3M)
1
Buys (12M)
Total value (12M): $998,676
LEVCHIN MAX R
Director
$998,676
@ $70.00 · 2025-10-24
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises.
Insider Selling Activity
Learn more →CAT
10
Sells (3M)
24
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $156.13M
CREED JOSEPH E
Chief Executive Officer
$1.80M
@ $718.93 · 2026-03-05
SHURMAN RODNEY MICHAEL
Officer
$1.73M
@ $759.61 · 2026-02-23
SHURMAN RODNEY MICHAEL
Officer
$1.35M
@ $763.39 · 2026-02-17
SCHAUPP WILLIAM E
Officer
$742,802
@ $764.20 · 2026-02-17
FASSINO ANTHONY D.
Officer
$6.13M
@ $776.90 · 2026-02-13
KAISER JASON
Officer
$1.31M
@ $776.70 · 2026-02-12
DE LANGE BOB
Officer
$9.59M
@ $767.08 · 2026-02-11
DE LANGE BOB
Officer
$16.31M
@ $720.11 · 2026-02-06
FASSINO ANTHONY D.
Officer
$4.36M
@ $722.15 · 2026-02-06
DE LANGE BOB
Officer
$11.33M
@ $704.97 · 2026-02-04
JOHNSON DENISE C.
Officer
$26.66M
@ $681.08 · 2026-02-02
DE LANGE BOB
Officer
$10.91M
@ $682.99 · 2026-02-02
FASSINO ANTHONY D.
Officer
$7.26M
@ $680.45 · 2026-02-02
BONFIELD ANDREW ROBERT JOHN
Chief Financial Officer
$5.75M
@ $575.06 · 2025-12-31
BONFIELD ANDREW ROBERT JOHN
Chief Financial Officer
$5.71M
@ $571.44 · 2025-12-01
KAISER JASON
Officer
$6.03M
@ $563.60 · 2025-11-11
FASSINO ANTHONY D.
Officer
$4.67M
@ $570.18 · 2025-11-10
DE LANGE BOB
Officer
$8.23M
@ $562.36 · 2025-11-05
SCHAUPP WILLIAM E
Officer
$686,664
@ $572.22 · 2025-11-05
UMPLEBY DONALD JAMES III
Officer
$8.67M
@ $505.29 · 2025-10-10
UMPLEBY DONALD JAMES III
Officer
$7.94M
@ $462.65 · 2025-09-22
UMPLEBY DONALD JAMES III
Officer and Director
$7.09M
@ $412.87 · 2025-09-02
SCHWAB SUSAN C
Director
$952,840
@ $410.00 · 2025-08-15
KAISER JASON
Officer
$902,650
@ $417.70 · 2025-08-11
KAISER JASON
Officer
$860,148
@ $354.70 · 2025-02-18
BONFIELD ANDREW ROBERT JOHN
Chief Financial Officer
$3.80M
@ $380.09 · 2025-01-16
FASSINO ANTHONY D.
President
$2.57M
@ $408.59 · 2024-11-29
BONFIELD ANDREW ROBERT JOHN
Chief Financial Officer
$4.05M
@ $405.36 · 2024-11-25
SCHWAB SUSAN C
Director
$766.00
@ $383.00 · 2024-11-15
DE LANGE BOB
Officer
$5.19M
@ $410.25 · 2024-11-07
DICKINSON DANIEL M
Director
$543,400
@ $418.00 · 2024-11-06
FASSINO ANTHONY D.
President
$2.26M
@ $409.84 · 2024-11-06
JOHNSON CHERYL H
Officer
$1.01M
@ $378.84 · 2024-11-04
SCHAUPP WILLIAM E
Officer
$368,789
@ $380.98 · 2024-11-01
FASSINO ANTHONY D.
Officer
$1.12M
@ $351.36 · 2024-08-30
JOHNSON CHERYL H
Officer
$1.02M
@ $342.48 · 2024-08-22
JOHNSON CHERYL H
Officer
$527,800
@ $350.00 · 2024-07-16
JOHNSON CHERYL H
Officer
$512,720
@ $340.00 · 2024-05-30
DE LANGE BOB
Officer
$7.80M
@ $356.90 · 2024-05-13
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
KO
9
Sells (3M)
19
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $122.47M
DOUGLAS MONICA HOWARD
Officer
$1.85M
@ $77.37 · 2026-03-09
PIETRACCI BRUNO
Divisional Officer
$2.28M
@ $79.41 · 2026-03-03
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$1.87M
@ $79.50 · 2026-03-03
QUINCEY JAMES R.
Chief Executive Officer
$19.84M
@ $79.14 · 2026-03-03
MURPHY JOHN
President
$5.83M
@ $80.52 · 2026-03-02
PEREZ BEATRIZ R
Officer
$1.73M
@ $81.00 · 2026-02-27
PEREZ BEATRIZ R
Officer
$2.93M
@ $80.69 · 2026-02-26
DOUGLAS MONICA HOWARD
Officer
$1.60M
@ $80.16 · 2026-02-25
MURPHY JOHN
President
$8.00M
@ $80.42 · 2026-02-25
QUINCEY JAMES R.
Chief Executive Officer
$26.05M
@ $77.10 · 2026-02-03
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$2.25M
@ $71.17 · 2025-11-17
ARROYO MANUEL
Officer
$9.89M
@ $70.80 · 2025-11-14
BRAUN HENRIQUE GNANI
Chief Operating Officer
$2.86M
@ $70.93 · 2025-11-11
DOUGLAS MONICA HOWARD
Officer
$947,464
@ $69.93 · 2025-10-24
KOUMETTIS NIKOLAOS
Divisional Officer
$2.58M
@ $69.10 · 2025-08-05
QUINCEY JAMES R.
Chief Executive Officer
$19.20M
@ $72.06 · 2025-05-30
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$2.02M
@ $70.81 · 2025-05-09
PEREZ BEATRIZ R
Officer
$4.34M
@ $71.87 · 2025-05-08
MURPHY JOHN
President
$6.39M
@ $72.09 · 2025-05-07
BRAUN HENRIQUE GNANI
Chief Operating Officer
$1.81M
@ $71.47 · 2025-03-11
KOUMETTIS NIKOLAOS
Divisional Officer
$3.94M
@ $71.01 · 2025-03-07
DOUGLAS MONICA HOWARD
Officer
$394,231
@ $70.84 · 2025-02-26
KOUMETTIS NIKOLAOS
Divisional Officer
$3.88M
@ $70.96 · 2025-02-26
CHANG LISA VIRGINIA
Officer
$961,352
@ $71.50 · 2025-02-25
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$3.92M
@ $71.36 · 2025-02-25
PIETRACCI BRUNO
Divisional Officer
$1.34M
@ $70.56 · 2025-02-24
DOUGLAS MONICA HOWARD
Officer
$697,673
@ $63.71 · 2024-11-22
QUINCEY JAMES R.
Chief Executive Officer
$6.40M
@ $64.03 · 2024-11-08
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$1.32M
@ $71.50 · 2024-08-27
QUINCEY JAMES R.
Chief Executive Officer
$2.97M
@ $70.02 · 2024-08-26
MANN JENNIFER K
Officer
$8.99M
@ $69.52 · 2024-08-22
CHANG LISA VIRGINIA
Officer
$2.80M
@ $69.54 · 2024-08-21
QUINCEY JAMES R.
Chief Executive Officer
$7.18M
@ $70.02 · 2024-08-21
PEREZ BEATRIZ R
Officer
$2.43M
@ $68.62 · 2024-08-08
ARROYO MANUEL
Officer
$1.88M
@ $68.22 · 2024-08-07
CHANG LISA VIRGINIA
Officer
$3.98M
@ $68.51 · 2024-08-06
PIETRACCI BRUNO
Divisional Officer
$2.67M
@ $69.01 · 2024-08-02
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$1.27M
@ $68.95 · 2024-08-02
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$2.53M
@ $66.96 · 2024-07-26
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$1.25M
@ $64.96 · 2024-07-17
KOUMETTIS NIKOLAOS
Divisional Officer
$5.04M
@ $62.34 · 2024-06-14
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$1.22M
@ $63.44 · 2024-06-11
BRAUN HENRIQUE GNANI
Officer
$3.61M
@ $63.08 · 2024-05-15
DOUGLAS MONICA HOWARD
Officer
$561,801
@ $63.31 · 2024-05-10
MURPHY JOHN
President
$3.60M
@ $62.91 · 2024-05-09
RANDAZZA MARK
Officer
$1.28M
@ $62.29 · 2024-05-07
QUAN NANCY W
Officer
$2.33M
@ $62.28 · 2024-05-07
PEREZ BEATRIZ R
Officer
$3.55M
@ $61.99 · 2024-05-06
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives.
🎭 Mr. Market's Mood
Learn more →CAT
😏Greed(70/100)
"Market is optimistic — be cautious and ensure you have a margin of safety"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
KO
😏Greed(67/100)
"Market is optimistic — be cautious and ensure you have a margin of safety"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
Composite sentiment score based on market signals. Inspired by Buffett’s "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
⚖️ Buffett Signal
Learn more →CAT
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Greed (70)
KO
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Greed (67)