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Compare Stocks › C vs UNH

Citigroup Inc. (C) vs UnitedHealth Group Incorporated (UNH)

C
Citigroup Inc.
$127.44
VS
UNH
UnitedHealth Group Incorporated
$368.78

Rewards

C
  • ★Citigroup Inc. scores 83/100 on the Economic Moat Score (Wide Moat), with revenue predictability as the strongest competitive dimension.
  • ★PEG ratio of 0.28 suggests the stock is undervalued relative to its growth rate — paying less than 1x for each unit of earnings growth.
UNH
  • ★Dividend yield of 2.40% with a consistent or growing payout over the past 4 years.

Risks

C
  • ⚠Gross margin of 0.0% is low, suggesting a competitive or commodity-like market with limited pricing power.
  • ⚠Trailing P/E of 15.8x is 34% above the historical average of 11.8x — the stock trades at a premium to its own history.
  • ⚠Altman Z-Score of 0.20 places the company in the distress zone — financial patterns resemble those of companies that experienced bankruptcy.
UNH
  • ⚠ROIC has declined by 7.9 percentage points over the observed period, which may signal competitive erosion.
  • ⚠Gross margin of 18.8% is low, suggesting a competitive or commodity-like market with limited pricing power.
  • ⚠FCF yield of 5.3% suggests reasonable valuation assuming continued moderate growth.

Key Valuation Metrics

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C
UNH
Valuation
N/A
Free Cash Flow
$17.69B
N/A
FCF Yield
5.28%
15.75
Trailing P/E
27.85
10.27
Forward P/E
17.77
Quality & Moat
2.83%
ROIC
15.60%
N/A
ROE
11.45%
0.00%
Gross Margin
18.80%
0.28
PEG Ratio
39.79
Balance Sheet Safety
N/A
Debt / Equity
0.74
N/A
Interest Coverage
N/A
N/A
Net Debt / EBITDA
2.18
1.88%
Dividend Yield
2.40%
C: 3Ties: 1UNH: 3
CUNH

Historical Fundamentals

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C

Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.

UNH

Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.

Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.

$1 Retained Earnings Test

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C
$5.69
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$20.43B
Δ Market Cap
+$116.31B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
UNH
$-7.37
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Market Cap Declined
Σ Retained
$26.63B
Δ Market Cap
$-196.16B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer

Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis

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C
78.7% Margin of Safety
Price is 78.7% below estimated fair value
Current Price: $127.44
Fair Value: $598.05
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
UNH
9.6% Overvalued
Price is 9.6% above estimated fair value
Current Price: $368.78
Fair Value: $336.33
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued

Reverse DCF — Market-Implied Growth

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C

Requires positive FCF to compute implied growth rate.

UNH

What growth rate is the market pricing in at $369?

+13.9%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +8.7%

The market implies +13.9% Owner Earnings growth, above historical trends.

Standard FCF implies a demanding +8.7%, reflecting heavy growth investment.

Economic Moat Score

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C
83/100
Wide Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None

Wide moat driven primarily by revenue predictability. Margin Stability is the area most vulnerable to competitive pressure.

Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 4 years of fundamental data.
UNH
64/100
Narrow Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None

Narrow moat with revenue predictability as the key competitive advantage. Improving margin stability would strengthen the moat.

Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 4 years of fundamental data.

Forensic Accounting

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C
-2.11
Possible Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone

M-Score Trend

Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
UNH
-2.45
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone

M-Score Trend

Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.

Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.

Ownership Breakdown

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C
Insiders 0.3%Institutions 83.0%Retail & Other 16.8%
No. of Institutional Holders3,124
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
UNH
Insiders 0.8%Institutions 84.7%Retail & Other 14.5%
No. of Institutional Holders4,077
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.

High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.

Insider Buying Activity

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C
0
Buys (3M)
0
Buys (12M)
No open market insider purchases found.
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
UNH
0
Buys (3M)
5
Buys (12M)
Total value (12M): $31.61M
HEMSLEY STEPHEN J
Chief Executive Officer
$25.02M
@ $288.57 · 2025-05-16
REX JOHN F
President
$5.00M
@ $291.12 · 2025-05-16
GIL KRISTEN
Director
$1.00M
@ $271.17 · 2025-05-15
NOSEWORTHY JOHN H
Director
$93,647
@ $312.16 · 2025-05-14
FLYNN TIMOTHY PATRICK
Director
$491,786
@ $320.80 · 2025-05-14
FLYNN TIMOTHY PATRICK
Director
$511,575
@ $511.57 · 2025-01-17
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises

Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises.

Insider Selling Activity

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C
7
Sells (3M)
8
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $15.57M
SKYLER EDWARD
Officer
$3.29M
@ $131.41 · 2026-04-15
GILES NICOLE M.
Officer
$1.68M
@ $131.80 · 2026-04-15
MASON MARK A.L.
Chief Financial Officer
$416,045
@ $114.71 · 2026-02-20
LUCHETTI GONZALO
Officer
$2.30M
@ $115.03 · 2026-02-12
HABNER PAMELA
Officer
$3.49M
@ $117.26 · 2026-02-12
GARG SUNIL
Officer
$2.13M
@ $118.49 · 2026-02-11
GILES NICOLE M.
Officer
$2.00M
@ $119.04 · 2026-02-11
HENRY PETER B
Director
$271,209
@ $90.40 · 2025-07-16
DUGAN JOHN CUNNINGHAM
Director
$301,493
@ $68.26 · 2025-04-30
SKYLER EDWARD
Officer
$2.93M
@ $82.41 · 2025-02-14
MASON MARK A.L.
Chief Financial Officer
$4.86M
@ $83.21 · 2025-02-14
SELVAKESARI ANAND
Chief Operating Officer
$2.43M
@ $81.10 · 2025-02-13
MCINTOSH BRENT
Officer
$1.62M
@ $81.22 · 2025-02-13
LUCHETTI GONZALO
Officer
$1.33M
@ $81.36 · 2025-02-13
KHALIQ SYED SHAHMIR
Officer
$2.45M
@ $81.70 · 2025-02-13
WECHTER SARA
Officer
$1.23M
@ $81.01 · 2025-02-13
HENRY PETER B
Director
$909,675
@ $69.97 · 2024-11-11
LUCHETTI GONZALO
Officer
$816,314
@ $61.59 · 2024-08-20
OKPARA JOHNBULL
Officer
$1.53M
@ $60.57 · 2024-08-15
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
UNH
1
Sells (3M)
2
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $463,645
CONWAY PATRICK HUGH M.D.
Officer
$284,000
@ $355.00 · 2026-04-23
CONWAY PATRICK HUGH M.D.
Chief Executive Officer
$179,645
@ $305.00 · 2025-06-10
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives

Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives.

🎭 Mr. Market's Mood

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C
FearGreed
😏Greed(64/100)

"Market is optimistic — be cautious and ensure you have a margin of safety"

Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
UNH
FearGreed
😏Greed(65/100)

"Market is optimistic — be cautious and ensure you have a margin of safety"

Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.

Composite sentiment score based on market signals. Inspired by Buffett’s "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.

⚖️ Buffett Signal

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C
⚪Awaiting DCF Data

The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.

DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Greed (64)
UNH
⚪Awaiting DCF Data

The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.

DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Greed (65)
View C Full AnalysisView UNH Full Analysis
C vs UNH: Which Is the Better Buy? | SafetyMargin.io