Compare Stocks › APP vs MA
AppLovin Corporation (APP) vs Mastercard Incorporated (MA)
APP
AppLovin Corporation
$439.92
VS
MA
Mastercard Incorporated
$491.14
Rewards
APP
- ★Gross margin of 87.9% indicates strong pricing power — typical of businesses with significant intellectual property or brand strength.
- ★Free cash flow has grown at a 112.3% CAGR over the past 4 years, demonstrating strong earnings power growth.
- ★Each dollar of retained earnings has created $42.50 of market value — management is an exceptional capital allocator.
MA
- ★Mastercard Incorporated has maintained ROIC above 15% for 4 consecutive years, indicating a durable competitive advantage.
- ★Gross margin of 100.0% indicates strong pricing power — typical of businesses with significant intellectual property or brand strength.
- ★Mastercard Incorporated scores 99/100 on the Economic Moat Score (Wide Moat), with roic consistency as the strongest competitive dimension.
Risks
APP
- ⚠FCF yield of 2.7% is below 3%, meaning the market is pricing in substantial future growth to justify the current price.
- ⚠Insiders have sold $122.0M worth of stock in the past 3 months — significant insider liquidation.
MA
- ⚠High leverage (2.56x debt/equity) combined with thin interest coverage (-1.0x) poses financial risk.
- ⚠Insiders have sold $4.5M worth of stock in the past 3 months — significant insider liquidation.
Key Valuation Metrics
Learn more →APP
MA
Valuation
$3.94B
Free Cash Flow
$16.27B
2.65%
FCF Yield
3.71%
43.86
Trailing P/E
29.77
21.72
Forward P/E
21.70
Quality & Moat
57.40%
ROIC
54.23%
156.17%
ROE
193.24%
87.86%
Gross Margin
100.00%
0.52
PEG Ratio
1.23
Balance Sheet Safety
1.72
Debt / Equity
2.56
N/A
Interest Coverage
N/A
0.28
Net Debt / EBITDA
0.43
N/A
Dividend Yield
0.71%
APP: 4Ties: 2MA: 5
APPMA
Historical Fundamentals
Learn more →APP
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
MA
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
$1 Retained Earnings Test
Learn more →APP
$42.50
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$5.27B
Δ Market Cap
+$224.03B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
MA
$5.62
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$31.68B
Δ Market Cap
+$177.96B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis
Learn more →APP
38.4% Margin of Safety
Price is 38.4% below estimated fair value
Current Price: $439.92
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $713.70
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
MA
12.0% Margin of Safety
Price is 12.0% below estimated fair value
Current Price: $491.14
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $558.06
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Reverse DCF — Market-Implied Growth
Learn more →APP
What growth rate is the market pricing in at $440?
+18.7%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +16.4%
The market implies +18.7% Owner Earnings growth, below historical trends — potential opportunity.
Standard FCF implies a more demanding +16.4%, reflecting heavy growth investment expected to generate future returns.
MA
What growth rate is the market pricing in at $491?
+13.2%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +12.0%
The market implies +13.2% Owner Earnings growth, roughly in line with history — reasonably priced.
Standard FCF implies +12.0%, reflecting ongoing growth investment.
Economic Moat Score
Learn more →APP
51/100
Narrow Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
Narrow moat with reinvestment efficiency as the key competitive advantage. Improving revenue predictability would strengthen the moat.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 4 years of fundamental data.
MA
99/100
Wide Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
Wide moat with strength across all dimensions. ROIC Consistency is the standout factor.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 4 years of fundamental data.
Forensic Accounting
Learn more →APP
-2.43
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
MA
-2.53
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Ownership Breakdown
Learn more →APP
Insiders 18.7%Institutions 81.1%Retail & Other 0.1%
No. of Institutional Holders2,124
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
MA
Insiders 0.5%Institutions 91.1%Retail & Other 8.3%
No. of Institutional Holders4,864
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
Insider Buying Activity
Learn more →APP
0
Buys (3M)
0
Buys (12M)
No open market insider purchases found.
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
MA
0
Buys (3M)
0
Buys (12M)
No open market insider purchases found.
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises.
Insider Selling Activity
Learn more →APP
4
Sells (3M)
28
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $599.95M
VIVAS EDUARDO
Director
$74.33M
@ $453.49 · 2026-03-16
DOROSH DMITRIY
Officer
$1.41M
@ $453.42 · 2026-03-13
FOROUGHI ARASH ADAM
Chief Executive Officer
$27.50M
@ $463.71 · 2026-03-12
FOROUGHI ARASH ADAM
Chief Executive Officer
$18.72M
@ $459.85 · 2026-03-12
VALENZUELA VICTORIA
Officer
$5.00M
@ $657.13 · 2025-12-18
HARVEY DAWSON ALYSSA
Director
$103,998
@ $693.32 · 2025-12-08
SHIKIN VASILY
Chief Technology Officer
$14.80M
@ $545.38 · 2025-11-24
STUMPF MATTHEW
Chief Financial Officer
$2.52M
@ $515.76 · 2025-11-21
HARVEY DAWSON ALYSSA
Director
$117,836
@ $589.18 · 2025-11-12
VIVAS EDUARDO
Director
$97.64M
@ $650.91 · 2025-11-10
BILLINGS CRAIG SCOTT
Director
$1.39M
@ $592.92 · 2025-11-07
HARVEY DAWSON ALYSSA
Director
$170,790
@ $487.97 · 2025-09-05
VALENZUELA VICTORIA
Officer
$17.58M
@ $502.23 · 2025-09-04
VALENZUELA VICTORIA
Officer
$6.75M
@ $450.00 · 2025-08-25
SHIKIN VASILY
Chief Technology Officer
$13.13M
@ $437.57 · 2025-08-22
FOROUGHI ARASH ADAM
Chief Executive Officer
$11.53M
@ $440.23 · 2025-08-22
VALENZUELA VICTORIA
Officer
$6.92M
@ $416.71 · 2025-08-21
STUMPF MATTHEW
Chief Financial Officer
$2.03M
@ $416.18 · 2025-08-21
CHEN HERALD Y
Director
$167.51M
@ $456.43 · 2025-08-13
CHEN HERALD Y
Director
$15.11M
@ $457.93 · 2025-08-13
VIVAS EDUARDO
Director
$58.25M
@ $466.00 · 2025-08-12
MESSING BARBARA
Director
$573,692
@ $382.46 · 2025-06-11
CHEN HERALD Y
Director
$41.99M
@ $419.91 · 2025-06-06
STUMPF MATTHEW
Chief Financial Officer
$4.11M
@ $423.00 · 2025-06-06
HARVEY DAWSON ALYSSA
Director
$1.45M
@ $414.90 · 2025-06-06
VALENZUELA VICTORIA
Officer
$4.88M
@ $369.79 · 2025-05-21
HARVEY DAWSON ALYSSA
Director
$211,540
@ $371.12 · 2025-05-13
BILLINGS CRAIG SCOTT
Director
$4.24M
@ $353.12 · 2025-05-12
CHEN HERALD Y
Director
$64.93M
@ $324.65 · 2025-02-28
FOROUGHI ARASH ADAM
Chief Executive Officer
$19.24M
@ $421.88 · 2025-02-24
FOROUGHI ARASH ADAM
Chief Executive Officer
$18.24M
@ $410.89 · 2025-02-24
VALENZUELA VICTORIA
Officer
$5.00M
@ $313.07 · 2024-12-19
CHEN HERALD Y
Director
$32.62M
@ $329.50 · 2024-12-12
FOROUGHI ARASH ADAM
Chief Executive Officer
$17.19M
@ $332.74 · 2024-12-11
CHEN HERALD Y
Director
$63.92M
@ $329.36 · 2024-12-10
FOROUGHI ARASH ADAM
Chief Executive Officer
$18.82M
@ $343.38 · 2024-12-10
FOROUGHI ARASH ADAM
Chief Executive Officer
$14.47M
@ $332.52 · 2024-12-10
HARVEY DAWSON ALYSSA
Director
$203,134
@ $406.27 · 2024-12-06
VALENZUELA VICTORIA
Officer
$6.35M
@ $354.15 · 2024-12-03
HARVEY DAWSON ALYSSA
Director
$977,282
@ $325.76 · 2024-11-27
SHIKIN VASILY
Chief Technology Officer
$74.75M
@ $324.99 · 2024-11-25
SHIKIN VASILY
Chief Technology Officer
$51.74M
@ $311.68 · 2024-11-22
STUMPF MATTHEW
Chief Financial Officer
$7.02M
@ $332.67 · 2024-11-22
BILLINGS CRAIG SCOTT
Director
$5.74M
@ $318.94 · 2024-11-21
SHIKIN VASILY
Chief Technology Officer
$189.57M
@ $319.37 · 2024-11-21
JANSEN KATIE KIHORANY
Officer
$34.26M
@ $286.13 · 2024-11-13
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
MA
1
Sells (3M)
19
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $64.44M
LING HAI
Officer
$4.48M
@ $499.20 · 2026-02-24
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$10.20M
@ $591.00 · 2025-09-02
LING HAI
Officer
$2.69M
@ $600.00 · 2025-08-22
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$10.46M
@ $586.89 · 2025-08-19
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$3.83M
@ $566.46 · 2025-08-05
GENACHOWSKI JULIUS
Director
$178,049
@ $570.67 · 2025-07-07
KIRKPATRICK LINDA PISTECCHIA
Officer
$536,480
@ $560.00 · 2025-06-30
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$601,447
@ $546.77 · 2025-06-27
GENACHOWSKI JULIUS
Director
$173,910
@ $561.00 · 2025-06-24
KIRKPATRICK LINDA PISTECCHIA
Officer
$536,480
@ $560.00 · 2025-06-24
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$508,474
@ $535.80 · 2025-06-20
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$5.02M
@ $532.97 · 2025-06-20
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$1.76M
@ $561.78 · 2025-06-16
KIRKPATRICK LINDA PISTECCHIA
Officer
$549,373
@ $572.86 · 2025-06-13
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$5.55M
@ $588.18 · 2025-06-12
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$8.22M
@ $585.05 · 2025-06-05
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$218,223
@ $577.31 · 2025-05-15
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$257,535
@ $572.30 · 2025-05-12
MIEBACH MICHAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$8.68M
@ $550.16 · 2025-03-26
MCLAUGHLIN EDWARD GRUNDE
Officer
$3.81M
@ $534.68 · 2025-03-19
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$6.12M
@ $556.14 · 2025-03-05
MIEBACH MICHAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$9.78M
@ $553.76 · 2025-03-05
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$6.19M
@ $562.72 · 2025-02-26
MCLAUGHLIN EDWARD GRUNDE
Officer
$6.18M
@ $564.99 · 2025-02-18
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$7.97M
@ $565.00 · 2025-02-18
MIEBACH MICHAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$10.17M
@ $564.95 · 2025-02-18
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$2.36M
@ $500.44 · 2024-11-01
MADABHUSHI VENKATA RAJAMANNAR
Officer
$2.30M
@ $491.03 · 2024-09-27
MADABHUSHI VENKATA RAJAMANNAR
Officer
$2.29M
@ $489.86 · 2024-09-20
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$550,000
@ $500.00 · 2024-09-17
MADABHUSHI VENKATA RAJAMANNAR
Officer
$2.31M
@ $493.10 · 2024-09-13
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$528,000
@ $480.00 · 2024-08-29
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$42.19M
@ $468.80 · 2024-08-22
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$42.03M
@ $467.02 · 2024-08-21
LING HAI
Officer
$1.36M
@ $470.00 · 2024-08-16
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$3.16M
@ $470.00 · 2024-08-16
SACHIN J. MEHRA
Chief Financial Officer
$6.11M
@ $455.00 · 2024-08-05
LING HAI
Officer
$1.35M
@ $465.46 · 2024-08-01
ARKELL SANDRA A
Officer
$512,006
@ $465.46 · 2024-08-01
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$4.07M
@ $451.06 · 2024-06-20
MURPHY TIMOTHY H
Officer
$2.34M
@ $446.24 · 2024-06-17
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$47.72M
@ $445.98 · 2024-06-17
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$49.51M
@ $442.03 · 2024-06-13
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$3.11M
@ $449.66 · 2024-06-12
MASTERCARD FOUNDATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Beneficial Owner of more than 10% of a Class of Security
$50.61M
@ $447.85 · 2024-06-10
SESHADRI RAJEEV
Officer
$3.71M
@ $443.93 · 2024-06-05
VOSBURG CRAIG
Officer
$4.04M
@ $447.28 · 2024-06-05
MURPHY TIMOTHY H
Officer
$2.31M
@ $441.57 · 2024-06-03
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives.
🎭 Mr. Market's Mood
Learn more →APP
😨Fear(40/100)
"Market is pessimistic — investigate whether fears are temporary or structural"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
MA
😐Neutral(42/100)
"Market is pricing this stock without strong emotion in either direction"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
Composite sentiment score based on market signals. Inspired by Buffett’s "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
⚖️ Buffett Signal
Learn more →APP
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Fear (40)
MA
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Neutral (42)