Compare Stocks › AMZN vs WAB
Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN) vs Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation (WAB)
AMZN
Amazon.com, Inc.
$208.76
VS
WAB
Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation
$237.14
Rewards
AMZN
- ★Each dollar of retained earnings has created $9.66 of market value — management is an exceptional capital allocator.
- ★Trailing P/E of 29.2x is 28% below the historical average of 40.6x — potentially undervalued relative to its own history.
- ★Altman Z-Score of 5.30 indicates very low bankruptcy risk — the company is firmly in the safe zone.
WAB
- ★Free cash flow has grown at a 19.0% CAGR over the past 4 years, demonstrating strong earnings power growth.
- ★Each dollar of retained earnings has created $7.04 of market value — management is an exceptional capital allocator.
Risks
AMZN
- ⚠FCF yield of 1.1% is below 3%, meaning the market is pricing in substantial future growth to justify the current price.
- ⚠PEG ratio of 5.83 indicates the stock is expensive relative to its expected growth — the market may be pricing in more growth than analysts project.
- ⚠9 insider sales totaling $14.9M with no purchases in the past 3 months — insiders are reducing their exposure.
WAB
- ⚠9 insider sales totaling $9.7M with no purchases in the past 3 months — insiders are reducing their exposure.
Key Valuation Metrics
Learn more →AMZN
WAB
Valuation
$23.79B
Free Cash Flow
$1.22B
1.06%
FCF Yield
3.02%
29.16
Trailing P/E
34.72
22.35
Forward P/E
20.07
Quality & Moat
10.12%
ROIC
7.73%
18.89%
ROE
10.46%
50.29%
Gross Margin
34.66%
5.83
PEG Ratio
N/A
Balance Sheet Safety
0.43
Debt / Equity
0.53
N/A
Interest Coverage
N/A
0.38
Net Debt / EBITDA
2.12
N/A
Dividend Yield
0.45%
AMZN: 7Ties: 1WAB: 2
AMZNWAB
Historical Fundamentals
Learn more →AMZN
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
WAB
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
Price ÷ Earnings Per Share — how many years of current earnings you're paying for at today's price. Lower P/E may indicate undervaluation.
$1 Retained Earnings Test
Learn more →AMZN
$9.66
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$167.34B
Δ Market Cap
+$1.62T
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
WAB
$7.04
created per $1 retained over 3 years
Exceptional Value Creator
Σ Retained
$2.60B
Δ Market Cap
+$18.33B
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Buffett's "$1 Test": For every $1 of earnings retained, has management created at least $1 of market value?
> $1 created per $1 retained = Value Creator · < $1 created = Value Destroyer
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis
Learn more →AMZN
36.4% Margin of Safety
Price is 36.4% below estimated fair value
Current Price: $208.76
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $328.47
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
WAB
32.6% Overvalued
Price is 32.6% above estimated fair value
Current Price: $237.14
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Fair Value: $178.89
Strongly undervalued
Undervalued
Fairly valued
Overvalued
Strongly overvalued
Reverse DCF — Market-Implied Growth
Learn more →AMZN
What growth rate is the market pricing in at $209?
+13.0%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +29.4%
The market implies +13.0% Owner Earnings growth, below historical trends — potential opportunity.
Standard FCF implies a more demanding +29.4%, reflecting heavy growth investment expected to generate future returns.
WAB
What growth rate is the market pricing in at $237?
+16.8%
Market-Implied Owner Earnings Growth
Standard FCF implies +16.2%
The market implies +16.8% Owner Earnings growth, below historical trends — potential opportunity.
Standard FCF implies a more demanding +16.2%, reflecting heavy growth investment expected to generate future returns.
Economic Moat Score
Learn more →AMZN
51/100
Narrow Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
Narrow moat with revenue predictability as the key competitive advantage. Improving margin stability would strengthen the moat.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 5 years of fundamental data.
WAB
62/100
Narrow Moat
70+ Wide · 40-69 Narrow · <40 None
Narrow moat with revenue predictability as the key competitive advantage. Improving roic consistency would strengthen the moat.
Composite score measuring competitive advantage durability across four dimensions: returns above cost of capital, pricing power stability, revenue predictability, and capital efficiency. Based on 4 years of fundamental data.
Forensic Accounting
Learn more →AMZN
-2.58
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
WAB
-2.50
Unlikely Manipulator
Above -1.78 = likely manipulator · -2.22 to -1.78 = grey zone
M-Score Trend
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Beneish's 8-variable model estimates the probability of earnings manipulation. An M-Score above -1.78 signals elevated risk — companies in this range have historically been 3-5× more likely to be manipulating earnings. Scores between -2.22 and -1.78 fall in a grey zone warranting further investigation.
Ownership Breakdown
Learn more →AMZN
Insiders 9.1%Institutions 67.3%Retail & Other 23.6%
No. of Institutional Holders7,690
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
WAB
Insiders 1.2%Institutions 96.1%Retail & Other 2.7%
No. of Institutional Holders1,545
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders — a key signal in Buffett-style analysis. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
High insider ownership aligns management incentives with shareholders. Institutional concentration can indicate smart-money conviction but also crowding risk.
Insider Buying Activity
Learn more →AMZN
0
Buys (3M)
0
Buys (12M)
No open market insider purchases found.
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
WAB
0
Buys (3M)
0
Buys (12M)
No open market insider purchases found.
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises
Open market purchases · includes direct & indirect ownership · excludes option exercises.
Insider Selling Activity
Learn more →AMZN
9
Sells (3M)
49
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $5.74B
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$204,250
@ $204.25 · 2026-03-02
ZAPOLSKY DAVID A.
Officer
$3.65M
@ $205.40 · 2026-02-24
REYNOLDS SHELLEY L
Officer
$554,892
@ $205.90 · 2026-02-23
JASSY ANDREW R.
Chief Executive Officer
$4.08M
@ $205.18 · 2026-02-23
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$1.41M
@ $205.82 · 2026-02-23
GARMAN MATTHEW S
Officer
$3.64M
@ $205.22 · 2026-02-23
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$948,990
@ $198.37 · 2026-02-17
ALEXANDER KEITH BRIAN
Director
$183,492
@ $203.88 · 2026-02-12
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$208,000
@ $208.00 · 2026-02-11
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$583,050
@ $233.22 · 2025-12-01
ZAPOLSKY DAVID A.
Officer
$4.56M
@ $220.58 · 2025-11-24
REYNOLDS SHELLEY L
Officer
$583,222
@ $216.41 · 2025-11-21
JASSY ANDREW R.
Chief Executive Officer
$4.31M
@ $216.94 · 2025-11-21
GARMAN MATTHEW S
Officer
$3.85M
@ $216.90 · 2025-11-21
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$1.48M
@ $216.40 · 2025-11-21
HUTTENLOCHER DANIEL P
Director
$280,317
@ $226.61 · 2025-11-20
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$1.11M
@ $232.71 · 2025-11-17
ALEXANDER KEITH BRIAN
Director
$209,700
@ $233.00 · 2025-11-17
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$6.14M
@ $250.58 · 2025-11-03
RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN J
Director
$2.04M
@ $250.03 · 2025-10-31
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$542,750
@ $217.10 · 2025-10-01
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$558,725
@ $223.49 · 2025-09-02
ZAPOLSKY DAVID A.
Officer
$4.60M
@ $222.34 · 2025-08-22
REYNOLDS SHELLEY L
Officer
$601,755
@ $221.64 · 2025-08-21
JASSY ANDREW R.
Chief Executive Officer
$4.40M
@ $221.58 · 2025-08-21
GARMAN MATTHEW S
Officer
$3.94M
@ $221.57 · 2025-08-21
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$1.51M
@ $221.62 · 2025-08-21
OLSAVSKY BRIAN T.
Chief Financial Officer
$3.95M
@ $222.74 · 2025-08-21
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$1.11M
@ $232.32 · 2025-08-15
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$542,500
@ $217.00 · 2025-08-01
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer and Director
$954.28M
@ $229.72 · 2025-07-24
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer and Director
$1.51B
@ $228.34 · 2025-07-22
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer and Director
$166.45M
@ $227.02 · 2025-07-15
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer and Director
$1.51B
@ $225.21 · 2025-07-14
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer and Director
$108.68M
@ $223.99 · 2025-07-09
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer and Director
$665.86M
@ $223.86 · 2025-07-07
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$550,144
@ $220.06 · 2025-07-01
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer and Director
$736.68M
@ $221.56 · 2025-06-30
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$512,450
@ $204.98 · 2025-06-02
ZAPOLSKY DAVID A.
Officer
$4.18M
@ $202.00 · 2025-05-22
REYNOLDS SHELLEY L
Officer
$541,129
@ $200.79 · 2025-05-21
JASSY ANDREW R.
Chief Executive Officer
$4.00M
@ $201.30 · 2025-05-21
GARMAN MATTHEW S
Chief Executive Officer
$4.21M
@ $201.30 · 2025-05-21
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Chief Executive Officer
$1.37M
@ $200.77 · 2025-05-21
OLSAVSKY BRIAN T.
Chief Financial Officer
$3.58M
@ $201.57 · 2025-05-21
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Chief Executive Officer
$980,971
@ $205.05 · 2025-05-15
ALEXANDER KEITH BRIAN
Director
$210,680
@ $210.68 · 2025-05-12
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$476,675
@ $190.67 · 2025-05-01
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$469,975
@ $187.99 · 2025-04-01
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Chief Executive Officer
$532,925
@ $213.17 · 2025-03-03
ZAPOLSKY DAVID A.
Officer
$5.47M
@ $218.25 · 2025-02-24
REYNOLDS SHELLEY L
Officer
$1.97M
@ $222.47 · 2025-02-21
JASSY ANDREW R.
Chief Executive Officer
$4.59M
@ $220.65 · 2025-02-21
GARMAN MATTHEW S
Officer
$3.36M
@ $220.69 · 2025-02-21
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$1.36M
@ $222.47 · 2025-02-21
OLSAVSKY BRIAN T.
Chief Financial Officer
$3.26M
@ $223.14 · 2025-02-21
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$1.26M
@ $228.44 · 2025-02-18
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$6.33M
@ $230.27 · 2025-02-12
RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN J
Director
$1.00M
@ $229.85 · 2024-12-09
RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN J
Director
$1.00M
@ $219.85 · 2024-12-04
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$735,000
@ $210.00 · 2024-12-02
REYNOLDS SHELLEY L
Officer
$759,090
@ $200.23 · 2024-11-21
JASSY ANDREW R.
Chief Executive Officer
$4.16M
@ $200.17 · 2024-11-21
GARMAN MATTHEW S
Chief Executive Officer
$3.05M
@ $200.19 · 2024-11-21
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$1.22M
@ $200.19 · 2024-11-21
ZAPOLSKY DAVID A.
Officer
$2.34M
@ $200.23 · 2024-11-21
OLSAVSKY BRIAN T.
Chief Financial Officer
$2.96M
@ $202.88 · 2024-11-21
HUTTENLOCHER DANIEL P
Director
$246,237
@ $199.06 · 2024-11-19
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$1.13M
@ $205.81 · 2024-11-15
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer and Director
$686.52M
@ $207.99 · 2024-11-13
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer, Director and Beneficial Owner
$1.25B
@ $207.80 · 2024-11-11
RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN J
Director
$1.00M
@ $209.85 · 2024-11-07
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer, Director and Beneficial Owner
$1.23B
@ $205.48 · 2024-11-07
ALEXANDER KEITH BRIAN
Director
$176,733
@ $196.37 · 2024-11-04
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Officer
$696,360
@ $198.96 · 2024-11-01
RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN J
Director
$1.00M
@ $199.85 · 2024-11-01
BEZOS JEFFREY P
Officer, Director and Beneficial Owner
$213.76M
@ $200.07 · 2024-11-01
HERRINGTON DOUGLAS J
Chief Executive Officer
$646,800
@ $184.80 · 2024-10-01
ZAPOLSKY DAVID A.
Officer
$427,050
@ $195.00 · 2024-09-24
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
WAB
9
Sells (3M)
43
Sells (12M)
Total value (12M): $54.46M
TROMBLEY GINA
Officer
$970,624
@ $241.87 · 2026-03-12
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$572,118
@ $245.97 · 2026-03-10
GAUR SAMEER
Officer
$302,016
@ $262.62 · 2026-02-26
JAIN NALIN
Officer
$2.10M
@ $264.09 · 2026-02-25
OLIN JOHN A
Chief Financial Officer
$2.90M
@ $263.30 · 2026-02-24
MENDONCA ROGERIO
Officer
$924,719
@ $264.21 · 2026-02-20
SBROCCO GREGORY
Officer
$246,025
@ $258.43 · 2026-02-19
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$897,080
@ $249.47 · 2026-02-11
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$787,180
@ $218.90 · 2026-01-06
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$765,446
@ $212.86 · 2025-12-18
FETSKO MICHAEL E.
Officer
$1.09M
@ $215.72 · 2025-12-12
MENDONCA ROGERIO
Officer
$433,089
@ $214.51 · 2025-12-04
DENINNO DAVID L
General Counsel
$1.07M
@ $214.62 · 2025-12-04
MASTALERZ JOHN A JR
Officer
$580,860
@ $210.00 · 2025-11-12
DENINNO DAVID L
General Counsel
$1.05M
@ $209.94 · 2025-11-12
SCHWEITZER PASCAL
Officer
$624,214
@ $208.07 · 2025-11-11
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$732,296
@ $203.64 · 2025-11-04
SBROCCO GREGORY
Officer
$493,928
@ $203.77 · 2025-10-31
DENINNO DAVID L
General Counsel
$419,731
@ $199.87 · 2025-10-28
SBROCCO GREGORY
Officer
$577,108
@ $195.43 · 2025-10-23
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$705,331
@ $196.14 · 2025-10-15
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$682,702
@ $189.80 · 2025-09-15
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$340,876
@ $192.37 · 2025-08-21
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$378,170
@ $213.41 · 2025-07-08
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$356,952
@ $201.44 · 2025-06-18
TROMBLEY GINA
Officer
$868,419
@ $202.00 · 2025-06-13
THEOPHILUS NICOLE BETH
Officer
$408,285
@ $204.14 · 2025-06-11
SCHWEITZER PASCAL
Officer
$823,792
@ $205.95 · 2025-06-09
YATES KYRA
Officer
$283,043
@ $203.77 · 2025-06-05
HEHIR BRIAN P
Director
$237,276
@ $203.67 · 2025-06-03
GEBHARDT ERIC
Chief Technology Officer
$1.24M
@ $202.39 · 2025-05-27
DENINNO DAVID L
General Counsel
$603,138
@ $201.05 · 2025-05-22
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$361,009
@ $203.73 · 2025-05-14
FETSKO MICHAEL E.
Officer
$740,200
@ $202.13 · 2025-05-13
MENDONCA ROGERIO
Officer
$806,745
@ $200.04 · 2025-05-12
HEHIR BRIAN P
Director
$191,418
@ $191.42 · 2025-05-08
LEROUX LILIAN
Officer
$1.44M
@ $192.19 · 2025-05-05
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$13.20M
@ $191.70 · 2025-05-02
DENINNO DAVID L
General Counsel
$575,464
@ $191.82 · 2025-05-02
SCHWEITZER PASCAL
Officer
$738,529
@ $184.63 · 2025-04-25
JAIN NALIN
Officer
$1.95M
@ $185.59 · 2025-04-24
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$9.83M
@ $175.74 · 2025-04-03
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$163,969
@ $185.07 · 2025-04-02
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$161,554
@ $182.34 · 2025-02-27
SANTANA RAFAEL
Chief Executive Officer
$164,348
@ $183.83 · 2025-02-26
SBROCCO GREGORY
Officer
$113,772
@ $201.37 · 2024-11-26
NEUPAVER ALBERT J
Director
$2.02M
@ $202.00 · 2024-11-11
MASTALERZ JOHN A JR
Officer
$558,396
@ $199.71 · 2024-11-06
DENINNO DAVID L
General Counsel
$165,116
@ $188.70 · 2024-10-30
NEUPAVER ALBERT J
Director
$6.74M
@ $188.70 · 2024-10-30
DENINNO DAVID L
General Counsel
$1.89M
@ $188.60 · 2024-10-24
SCHWEITZER PASCAL
Officer
$369,832
@ $163.57 · 2024-09-11
HAMMERSMITH ALICIA
Officer
$690,140
@ $165.54 · 2024-08-26
MENDONCA ROGERIO
Officer
$331,577
@ $165.79 · 2024-08-23
HEHIR BRIAN P
Director
$141,534
@ $165.15 · 2024-08-23
GEBHARDT ERIC
Chief Technology Officer
$1.16M
@ $156.32 · 2024-08-14
THEOPHILUS NICOLE BETH
Officer
$742,419
@ $154.64 · 2024-08-07
HEHIR BRIAN P
Director
$161,615
@ $161.62 · 2024-07-31
SBROCCO GREGORY
Officer
$275,376
@ $167.30 · 2024-05-10
NEUPAVER ALBERT J
Director
$4.70M
@ $161.63 · 2024-04-30
SCHWEITZER PASCAL
Officer
$976,410
@ $162.74 · 2024-04-29
MENDONCA ROGERIO
Officer
$637,392
@ $160.75 · 2024-04-25
MASTALERZ JOHN A JR
Officer
$609,962
@ $162.70 · 2024-04-25
DENINNO DAVID L
General Counsel
$487,010
@ $161.48 · 2024-04-25
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives
Direct ownership only · excludes indirect, option exercises, planned (10b5-1) sales & derivatives.
🎭 Mr. Market's Mood
Learn more →AMZN
😐Neutral(50/100)
"Market is pricing this stock without strong emotion in either direction"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
WAB
😐Neutral(53/100)
"Market is pricing this stock without strong emotion in either direction"
Composite sentiment score based on 6 market signals. Inspired by Buffett's "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
Composite sentiment score based on market signals. Inspired by Buffett’s "Mr. Market" allegory — fear = potential opportunity, greed = potential risk. Must be used alongside fundamental analysis, not in isolation.
⚖️ Buffett Signal
Learn more →AMZN
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Neutral (50)
WAB
⚪Awaiting DCF Data
The Buffett Signal cross-references market sentiment with DCF valuation. Configure the DCF Analysis above to generate a signal.
DCF Margin of Safety: N/AMr. Market's Mood: Neutral (53)